Muhammad Ma'ruf Let's think !!!

This positive knowledge was, of course, science. However, the problem as Comte saw it was that each branch of knowledge goes through the three stages, but that they don’t all reach scientific maturity at the same time. >> Selengkapnya

The theory of exchange comes from various fields such as economics, anthropology, and psychology. George C. Homans is an important figure of exchange theory. Therefore following the discussion of different backgrounds, Homans’ beliefs will be looked at here.

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Exchange Theory
Normally when speaking about exchanges, our/ human mind is inclined to hear about commodity exchange//exchange of goods. >> Selengkapnya

Basic concepts
Reinforcement:
It is a fundamental concept of behavioral sociology. Of course it has also been called as “reward”. When discussing the reinforcing role of a thing, the “deprivation level of the actor” gains importance. It is at this level that everything can be meaningful. It goes without saying that “reinforcers can be taught to humans. As soon as we learn to need things, in case of being deprived, the same thing will act as reinforcement (ibid: 409).

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Behavioral sociology is in fact an attempt to apply psychological behaviorism on sociological issues. Behavioral sociology deals with the relationship between an actor’s behavior on the environment and the resulting effect on the actor’s next behavior (Ritzer, 1386: 408). >> Selengkapnya

Similarities:
1-Both theories emphasize social definitions-that is, how actors define social situations and their performance on the basis of these definitions.
2-Both theories have a micro-approach, which refers to daily life, thoughts and actions.
3-Both are considered as creative sociology, since they don’t consider actors as passive, but as active participants of social environment .

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Criticisms on Traditional Sociology:
The first criticism ethnomethodology levels against sociology is that sociology is not adequately self-critical.
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It is the study of the methods people use in dealing with everyday reality. In his book, Ritzer says: “Ethnomethodology means the methods people use every day” (Ritzer, 1386: 364).

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Although Rosenberg was not primarily a symbolic interactionist, but he proposed the concept of “self-perception”. According to him, self perception is the comprehensiveness of thoughts and feelings that a person has when referring to himself as an objective cognition.
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Aspek Pragmatisme dalam aliran Simbolik Interaksionis:
A-Menurut pragmatis, tidak ada realitas sejati di dunia nyata “di luar”, melainkan, selama performa kita di dunia yang secara aktif dibuat dan dibentuk.
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