Western Epistemology Claims
1. There is certain knowledge without being overtaken by the senses; res cogitan (Decartes), a priori and pure-minded reinen Vernunft (Immanuel Kant), innates ideas (Leibniz)
2. All knowledge originates in the senses (Empiricism), tabula rasa (John Lock)
3. All Knowledge comes from the five senses (Positivism)
Claims of the epistemology of Islam & Western Epistemological Criticism
1. Knowledge of huduri (present) is impossible to reject
2. Knowledge of husuli (intermediary), sensory perceptions-processed by reason, compare with other concepts into universal essential knowledge, secondary logical (such as the concept of non-contradiction, forms of syllogism, arithmetic, etc.), secondary philosophical ( such as the concept of cause / effect, necessary / possible, form / non-existence, etc.)
3. Right and wrong Judgment only apply to hushuli knowledge
4. All proportional knowledge are axiomatic
5. Non-axiomatic propositions are based on the correspondence of the nafs amr proposition
References;
Frederick Copleston, A History of Philosophy, (New York: Image Books-Doubleday, 1993)
Mohammad Hosein Zaadeh, Ma’refat-e Shenaashi, (Qom: Moassasah Aamuzesy va Pezhuhesyi, 1380 H)
Michael Huemer (ed.), Epistemology: Contemporary Readings, (London: Routledge, 2002)